COPPER

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Issue 231 • Free Online Magazine

Issue 231 Frankly Speaking

Lots of Fun With DSP: The Ferrum Audio WANDLA DAC and Its Tube Mode

Lots of Fun With DSP: The Ferrum Audio WANDLA DAC and Its Tube Mode

... (And a side note about tube rolling)

In Part Two of my CanJam NYC 2026 coverage (Issue 230) I promised to tell you about the most interesting audio component I’ve come across in years: the Ferrum Audio WANDLA Golden Sound Edition Gen 2 DAC. That’s because of its unique DSP processing, which includes spatial enhancement, low-frequency tailoring, selectable digital filtering, and the feature that grabbed me and didn’t let go – their Gen 2 Tube Mode.

At CanJam, I’d run into Roy Feldstein of VANA Ltd., distributor of Poland’s Ferrum Audio among other brands including European Audio Team, Austrian Audio, Okki Nokki, Rekkord, and Atlas Cables. He knows what I like – I bought my very first set of good speakers, EPI 50s, from him when I was in college. Roy told me, “you need to check this out,” and showed me the WANDLA and its Gen 2 Tube Mode, which is a feature that emulates the sonic signature of various output tubes including EL84, 2A3, 300B, KT88 and 7062 along with a setting called “2nd only.” In addition, the WANDLA gives you the ability to dial in the amount of “tube signature,” by means of an intuitive touchscreen (which also, along with the supplied remote, lets you control other features).

I sat in Roy’s booth and played around with the Tube Mode feature, and found myself really digging the way it sounded.

I can already sense some readers shaking their heads. Why on Earth would you want to add coloration to the original “accurate” signal?

Because I loved the way it sounded, that’s why!

I’ve said this before. No audio system is entirely accurate. So, I think most audiophiles pick the colorations they like, even as they strive for ever more high-fidelity reproduction. I like the so-called “warmth” of tubes. If you want to accuse me of preferring second harmonic distortion to a more accurate, “neutral” sound, so be it. There, I said it. (Of course the other side of the coin for many designers and listeners is that vacuum tubes are more faithful to the music than solid-state, regardless of how they might measure.)

I was so intrigued by the WANDLA Golden Sound Edition Gen 2 DAC ($3,695) that I asked to borrow one. I wanted to hear the Gen 2 Tube Mode in my main and desktop systems at home. Well, my listening confirmed what I heard at CanJam NYC. The WANDLA added various degrees of very pleasing warmth, and a greater sense of presence to instruments like tenor and alto sax, which had that elusive “creaminess” that I really need in an audio system. Female vocals were heavenly. I spent an afternoon listening to Samara Joy and had difficulty tearing myself away.The WANDLA Golden Sound Edition Gen 2 DAC offers a variety of tube flavors to choose from.

 

Of course I listened in “straight” mode. It sounded superb, as the WANDLA is a really excellent DAC, with features like their proprietary Gen 2 Serce (Polish for “heart”) digital audio system module, digital filters from specialist supplier Signalyst, a choice of digital or analog volume control, and a whole lot more packed into its compact chassis. In “straight” mode with no effects, the WANDLA sounds sweet and detailed and spacious and excellent, without a trace of digital artifacts.

But…I found myself drawn to that Gen 2 Tube Mode feature, in particular to the 300B emulation at about 120 percent (on a scale from 0 to 200). It added an alluring richness, maybe at the expense of some fine musical detail (and maybe not), a tradeoff I was more than willing to accept.

I had to know, and I’m sure you’re wondering, how the heck did it work?

I received replies from Roy Feldstein and Pawel Gorgon, Ferrum's vice president and chief R&D engineer. Roy noted, “These added capabilities are made possible by Serce. The Serce module, which incorporates a dual-core ARM chip, handles all signal processing and digital filtering. Ferrum sells Serce modules to other manufacturers, including one in the US.”

Pawel added, “We tested amplifiers built with specific tubes, and measured their harmonic distortion. We played a 1 kHz signal and measured each harmonic level on an FFT [fast Fourier transform analyzer]. Then we used some math: trigonometric formulas for sin to powers 2 to 7 (2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th) and their reduced forms. We got six formulas, which we transformed into final formulas for calculating coefficients to achieve the required levels of each harmonic.

Having this, we implemented simulations in Python [audio software], where we were able to change the level of each harmonic separately, put all of them into our formulas, and then into our algorithm, and check [to see] if it worked. It sure did.”

Gorgon added, “What is important is that the 32-bit input sample remains untouched, and scaled harmonics are just added to it, so the whole operation has no negative impact on overall audio quality and, at the same time, produces tube-colored sound.”

So, with the WANDLA, you can have your audio cake and eat it, so what’s not to like, or to criticize? I think it looks great also.

 

The WANDLA measures about 9 by 8 by 2 inches.

 

With DSP having come such a long way, and with undreamed-of advancements undoubtedly on the horizon, maybe it’s time to abandon the “purist,” less is more, straight-wire-with-gain philosophy that’s dominated the high-end preamplifier and amplifier landscape since the 1970s, when the feeling was that eliminating circuitry like tone controls and balance controls and equalizers from the signal path meant purer sound. And honestly, in so many cases, that was true. I know, I know, DSP is already well-done in everything from surround-sound receivers to guitar amp modelers, but the WANDLA Golden Sound Edition Gen 2 DAC happens to be a superb and very cool implementation of DSP. I had so much fun with it.

Maybe there’s a market for a standalone “tube seasoning box.”

Postscript: this experience inspired me to do some tube rolling in my system, to try to get more of that flavor I liked with the WANDLA’s tube emulation. It worked. I hear added sweetness and dimensionality and realism. Is it more “accurate?” More colored? I don’t know. My system sounds better than ever, so I’m good with that. Hearing the WANDLA was quite an ear-opener.

More from Issue 231

Piano Prodigy Jude Kofie Releases His Debut Album On Octave Records
Piano Prodigy Jude Kofie Releases His Debut Album On Octave Records
Frank Doris
Underappreciated Artists, Part Two: City Boy
Underappreciated Artists, Part Two: City Boy
Rich Isaacs
Music and the Art of Creation: Talking With Saxophonist Rob Scheps
Music and the Art of Creation: Talking With Saxophonist Rob Scheps
Joe Caplan
How to Play in a Rock Band, 24: Further Adventures at the 2026 Montauk Music Festival
How to Play in a Rock Band, 24: Further Adventures at the 2026 Montauk Music Festival
Frank Doris
Courtney Barnett: Creature of Habit
Courtney Barnett: Creature of Habit
Wayne Robins
Angine de Poitrine: Interstellar Guitar Rock Saviors Headed for Late-Night TV Pop Stardom?
Angine de Poitrine: Interstellar Guitar Rock Saviors Headed for Late-Night TV Pop Stardom?
Mark Lepage
View All Articles in Issue 231

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#231 Piano Prodigy Jude Kofie Releases His Debut Album On Octave Records by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 Underappreciated Artists, Part Two: City Boy by Rich Isaacs Jun 01, 2026 #231 Music and the Art of Creation: Talking With Saxophonist Rob Scheps by Joe Caplan Jun 01, 2026 #231 How to Play in a Rock Band, 24: Further Adventures at the 2026 Montauk Music Festival by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 Courtney Barnett: Creature of Habit by Wayne Robins Jun 01, 2026 #231 Angine de Poitrine: Interstellar Guitar Rock Saviors Headed for Late-Night TV Pop Stardom? by Mark Lepage Jun 01, 2026 #231 My Impressions of AXPONA 2026, Part One by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 2026 La Jolla Concours d'Elegance: Another Aesthetic Feast by B. Jan Montana Jun 01, 2026 #231 Country Music Icon Jo Dee Messina’s Bridges: A New Beginning by Ray Chelstowski Jun 01, 2026 #231 The Luxury Dispatch Hosts a Video Podcast With Ken Kessler by Ken Kessler Jun 01, 2026 #231 The Vinyl Beat: Tracking in the Motor City by Rudy Radelic Jun 01, 2026 #231 Lots of Fun With DSP: The Ferrum Audio WANDLA DAC and Its Tube Mode by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 From The Audiophile's Guide: Digital Source Components and Streaming Audio by Paul McGowan Jun 01, 2026 #231 Onkyo’s Monster M-510 power amplifier by The Staff at Just Audio Jun 01, 2026 #231 PS Audio in the News by PS Audio Staff Jun 01, 2026 #231 Naming Convention by Peter Xeni Jun 01, 2026 #231 Les Invisibles by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 Wildlife Scene by James Schrimpf Jun 01, 2026 #230 Camaraderie by B. Jan Montana May 04, 2026 #230 AXPONA 2026: A Family Gathering by Paul McGowan May 04, 2026 #230 Pianist Ryan Benthall Explores Jazz Realms and Far Beyond With Divine Sky by Frank Doris May 04, 2026 #230 The Vinyl Beat in AXPONA-Land by Rudy Radelic May 04, 2026 #230 Teddy Thompson’s Musical Growth Deepens With Never Be the Same by Ray Chelstowski May 04, 2026 #230 More Fun in the Sun: Florida Audio Expo, Part Two by Frank Doris May 04, 2026 #230 CanJam NYC 2026 Show Report: Heady Sound, Part Two by Frank Doris and Harris Fogel May 04, 2026 #230 Sonic Youth On Murray Street by Wayne Robins May 04, 2026 #230 Graffeo Coffee: A Symphony of Sensory Experience by Joe Caplan May 04, 2026 #230 The Saul Authority: The Story of Hi-Fi Pioneer Saul Marantz by Olivier Meunier-Plante May 04, 2026 #230 How to Play in a Rock Band, 23: Encounters With Famous Musicians, Part Two by Frank Doris May 04, 2026 #230 An Outlier in the Rack: A Vintage BIC Beam Box by The Staff at Just Audio May 04, 2026 #230 PS Audio in the News by PS Audio Staff May 04, 2026 #230 A Cautionary Tale by Rich Isaacs May 04, 2026 #230 Reel-to-Reel Roots, Part 33 (Revised): Ken Kessler Reports On the 2026 (British) AudioJumble by Ken Kessler May 04, 2026 #230 Text Messaging by Frank Doris May 04, 2026 #230 The Audiophile Rat Race by Peter Xeni May 04, 2026 #230 On the Rocks by Rich Isaacs May 04, 2026 #229 The Earliest Stars of Country Music, Part Three by Jeff Weiner Apr 06, 2026 #229 The Healing Power of Music and Sound at the Omega Institute by Joe Caplan Apr 06, 2026 #229 CanJam NYC 2026 Show Report: Heady Sound, Part One by Frank Doris Apr 06, 2026 #229 Florida Audio Expo 2026: Warming Up to High-End Audio, Part One by Frank Doris Apr 06, 2026 #229 Quick Takes: Anne Bisson, Sam Morrison, The Velvet Underground, and the Stooges by Frank Doris Apr 06, 2026 #229 The Vinyl Beat: New Arrivals, and Old Audio Show Demo Scores to Settle by Rudy Radelic Apr 06, 2026 #229 Harvard Gets a High-End Audio Education by Frank Doris Apr 06, 2026 #229 No Country for Old Knees by B. Jan Montana Apr 06, 2026 #229 How To Play in A Rock Band, 22: Encounters With Famous Musicians, Part 1 by Frank Doris Apr 06, 2026 #229 The Soulful Grooves of Guinea-Bissau by Steve Kindig Apr 06, 2026 #229 Four-Hand Piano Performance at Its Finest by Stephan Haberthür Apr 06, 2026

Lots of Fun With DSP: The Ferrum Audio WANDLA DAC and Its Tube Mode

Lots of Fun With DSP: The Ferrum Audio WANDLA DAC and Its Tube Mode

... (And a side note about tube rolling)

In Part Two of my CanJam NYC 2026 coverage (Issue 230) I promised to tell you about the most interesting audio component I’ve come across in years: the Ferrum Audio WANDLA Golden Sound Edition Gen 2 DAC. That’s because of its unique DSP processing, which includes spatial enhancement, low-frequency tailoring, selectable digital filtering, and the feature that grabbed me and didn’t let go – their Gen 2 Tube Mode.

At CanJam, I’d run into Roy Feldstein of VANA Ltd., distributor of Poland’s Ferrum Audio among other brands including European Audio Team, Austrian Audio, Okki Nokki, Rekkord, and Atlas Cables. He knows what I like – I bought my very first set of good speakers, EPI 50s, from him when I was in college. Roy told me, “you need to check this out,” and showed me the WANDLA and its Gen 2 Tube Mode, which is a feature that emulates the sonic signature of various output tubes including EL84, 2A3, 300B, KT88 and 7062 along with a setting called “2nd only.” In addition, the WANDLA gives you the ability to dial in the amount of “tube signature,” by means of an intuitive touchscreen (which also, along with the supplied remote, lets you control other features).

I sat in Roy’s booth and played around with the Tube Mode feature, and found myself really digging the way it sounded.

I can already sense some readers shaking their heads. Why on Earth would you want to add coloration to the original “accurate” signal?

Because I loved the way it sounded, that’s why!

I’ve said this before. No audio system is entirely accurate. So, I think most audiophiles pick the colorations they like, even as they strive for ever more high-fidelity reproduction. I like the so-called “warmth” of tubes. If you want to accuse me of preferring second harmonic distortion to a more accurate, “neutral” sound, so be it. There, I said it. (Of course the other side of the coin for many designers and listeners is that vacuum tubes are more faithful to the music than solid-state, regardless of how they might measure.)

I was so intrigued by the WANDLA Golden Sound Edition Gen 2 DAC ($3,695) that I asked to borrow one. I wanted to hear the Gen 2 Tube Mode in my main and desktop systems at home. Well, my listening confirmed what I heard at CanJam NYC. The WANDLA added various degrees of very pleasing warmth, and a greater sense of presence to instruments like tenor and alto sax, which had that elusive “creaminess” that I really need in an audio system. Female vocals were heavenly. I spent an afternoon listening to Samara Joy and had difficulty tearing myself away.The WANDLA Golden Sound Edition Gen 2 DAC offers a variety of tube flavors to choose from.

 

Of course I listened in “straight” mode. It sounded superb, as the WANDLA is a really excellent DAC, with features like their proprietary Gen 2 Serce (Polish for “heart”) digital audio system module, digital filters from specialist supplier Signalyst, a choice of digital or analog volume control, and a whole lot more packed into its compact chassis. In “straight” mode with no effects, the WANDLA sounds sweet and detailed and spacious and excellent, without a trace of digital artifacts.

But…I found myself drawn to that Gen 2 Tube Mode feature, in particular to the 300B emulation at about 120 percent (on a scale from 0 to 200). It added an alluring richness, maybe at the expense of some fine musical detail (and maybe not), a tradeoff I was more than willing to accept.

I had to know, and I’m sure you’re wondering, how the heck did it work?

I received replies from Roy Feldstein and Pawel Gorgon, Ferrum's vice president and chief R&D engineer. Roy noted, “These added capabilities are made possible by Serce. The Serce module, which incorporates a dual-core ARM chip, handles all signal processing and digital filtering. Ferrum sells Serce modules to other manufacturers, including one in the US.”

Pawel added, “We tested amplifiers built with specific tubes, and measured their harmonic distortion. We played a 1 kHz signal and measured each harmonic level on an FFT [fast Fourier transform analyzer]. Then we used some math: trigonometric formulas for sin to powers 2 to 7 (2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th) and their reduced forms. We got six formulas, which we transformed into final formulas for calculating coefficients to achieve the required levels of each harmonic.

Having this, we implemented simulations in Python [audio software], where we were able to change the level of each harmonic separately, put all of them into our formulas, and then into our algorithm, and check [to see] if it worked. It sure did.”

Gorgon added, “What is important is that the 32-bit input sample remains untouched, and scaled harmonics are just added to it, so the whole operation has no negative impact on overall audio quality and, at the same time, produces tube-colored sound.”

So, with the WANDLA, you can have your audio cake and eat it, so what’s not to like, or to criticize? I think it looks great also.

 

The WANDLA measures about 9 by 8 by 2 inches.

 

With DSP having come such a long way, and with undreamed-of advancements undoubtedly on the horizon, maybe it’s time to abandon the “purist,” less is more, straight-wire-with-gain philosophy that’s dominated the high-end preamplifier and amplifier landscape since the 1970s, when the feeling was that eliminating circuitry like tone controls and balance controls and equalizers from the signal path meant purer sound. And honestly, in so many cases, that was true. I know, I know, DSP is already well-done in everything from surround-sound receivers to guitar amp modelers, but the WANDLA Golden Sound Edition Gen 2 DAC happens to be a superb and very cool implementation of DSP. I had so much fun with it.

Maybe there’s a market for a standalone “tube seasoning box.”

Postscript: this experience inspired me to do some tube rolling in my system, to try to get more of that flavor I liked with the WANDLA’s tube emulation. It worked. I hear added sweetness and dimensionality and realism. Is it more “accurate?” More colored? I don’t know. My system sounds better than ever, so I’m good with that. Hearing the WANDLA was quite an ear-opener.

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