COPPER

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Issue 232 • Free Online Magazine

Issue 232 Paul's Place

Budgets, and Systems From Small to Outrageous

Budgets, and Systems From Small to Outrageous

The cost of building a high-performance, audiophile-grade two-channel stereo system can span quite a range, from next to nothing to more than the cost of some homes. I’ll let you in on a secret, though: there’s often little correlation between stereo cost and performance.

In the half-century I’ve devoted to the high-end audio industry, I’ve heard every manner of system. Some of the very worst have been the most expensive, and some of the best were quite affordable. Like anything else in our lives, simply throwing money at a problem or a project doesn’t guarantee success. In fact, unless you’re equipped with some basic knowledge, your investment may backfire. Without adequate information, preferably coupled with a knowledgeable, trusted guide to steer you in the right direction, plowing your hard-earned money into a two-channel audio system can be a real crapshoot.When someone asks me what equipment to buy, I start with a series of three questions:

What are your goals?
What are your limitations?
What is your budget?

Let’s follow that same process here.

What Are Your Goals and Limitations?

This simple question is often the hardest for people to answer, or at least to put into words. Typical answers range from a simple “just give me good sound” to “I want the biggest, baddest, most bone-rattlingly killer sound system on the planet.” These answers are adequate to get us started, but the real answers I’m looking for would go something closer to this:

“I’m hoping to set up a modest system in my living room that the family can easily use for everyday listening; and on occasion, I want to crank it up and have it sound like there’s a rock band playing in my living room.”

Or, “I’m looking for a small, unobtrusive set of speakers to go on either side of my television – something that can render classical and jazz in lifelike proportions and that I can easily switch to play the television audio.”

Or, “I want a no-holds-barred high-end system that just blows me and my friends away.”

Answers like these give me a better idea of where to point you in terms of equipment choices and budget.To help you understand how this can be applied in the real world, let me tell you about my own home setup. While at work, I get to enjoy one of the greatest high-performance two-channel reference systems in the world; PS Audio’s Music Room with its amazing Aspen loudspeakers and full-on PS Audio electronics set, but at home it’s a different story. My wife, Terri, wanted to build our home system herself. Since she too loves music and high-performance audio, I took her through my three questions to help identify her priorities. Her answers looked something like this:

 Goals:

A turntable-based system with the ability to stream radio, Pandora, Tidal, and Qobuz
Full-range but it’ll never be played at live concert levels
The speakers need to sonically disappear

Limitations:

Must be small in footprint and not intrusive on the décor
Must be simple to operate so even our grandkids can use it
Budget: $4,000 maximum

With these answers in mind, it was easy for Terri to start her search and come up with her dream system. Here’s what she ended up with:

Turntable: Rega P3 with MM cartridge ($1,100)
Amplifier: PS Audio Sprout100 (discontinued)
Speakers: KEF LS50 ($1,200) (later upgraded to PS Audio Aspen FR5s [$4,400 for the pair])
Subwoofer: REL T5i ($600)
Cables ($200)
System total: ~$3,800

This system images beautifully, sounds great, and achieves Terri’s goals. Had she been a little less particular about primarily playing vinyl records, she could have gotten the same quality at an even lower cost.So, step one is to think about what you hope to achieve with your system. In other words, write down your goals. Step two factors in your limitations, such as where the system will be placed and how much real estate and visual prominence you and your significant other are willing to cede to the system. Once you’ve identified the answers to these two important questions, we can move on to the third question of budget. How much are you willing to invest in great sound?

What Is Your Budget?

Now that you’ve identified your goals and limitations, let’s talk budget. I’ve broken down system types into three general categories: the Casual System, the Serious System, and the Whacked-Out System. For a point of reference, my home system I just described might fall into the upper end of the Casual System category, while the PS Audio Reference System would most certainly land in the Whacked-Out category.

Casual Systems

The vast majority of serious two-channel audio systems would fall into this first category. We want great sound and we’re willing to spend a few bucks and invest a few hours of setup to get there. For a Casual System, you should plan to budget between $1,000 and $6,000 for everything you need. Next, select the various pieces of equipment from trusted manufacturers of two- channel separates. You’ll be able to identify these manufacturers because:

You’ve done a little homework, by reading this book, to find out whether or not they’re invested in bringing life to music
Their products are purpose-built, to provide a specific outcome for a limited set of variables
They’re respected by the greater high-end audio community
Their stated goals are to honor musical truth

Serious Systems

Serious Systems are more committed to a single person listening with intent. Their primary purpose is to help the listener forge a more intimate connection with the music than is possible with the Casual System, recreating  a more believable live performance in the home. That means they require more money to build, more space in the room to place, and more time and care to set up. For the Serious System you’ll need to budget between $3,000 and $30,000 for everything you need. Now, for those unfamiliar with high-end audio, 30,000 smackaroos might at first seem like either a misprint or insanity; but I assure you, among audiophiles it’s a perfectly normal investment. The average Serious System falls somewhere in the middle of this price range, hovering between $8,000 and $15,000, though I’ve heard some great Serious Systems that people cobbled together for around $8,000.

Then select the various pieces of equipment from trusted manufacturers of two-channel separates, using the criteria mentioned before.

 

PS Audio's Summit system costs $15,000 and includes the StellarGold DAC/preamp, two M1200 monoblock amplifiers, a Stellar P3 PowerPlant, a pair of Aspen FR10 speakers, and AudioQuest cables and interconnects.


Whacked-Out Systems

As the name of this level implies, the sky’s the limit. I’ve seen some seriously unbelievable setups exceeding a million dollars, but for the most part you can put together a beautiful and impressive Whacked-Out System for as low as $15,000. More likely, though, the sweet spot’s going to start at $25,000 or so. The keys for a Whacked-Out System to be worth its cost in both time and effort include skill, knowledge, and tireless effort, in addition to going for the cost-is-no-object components that synergistically mesh into audio nirvana. This level of system needs a personal guide and is certainly not for the faint at heart. Once built and experienced, though, there’s few pleasures on Earth that compare.

 

This Clarisys Audio speaker system and associated electronics shown at Florida Audio Expo 2026 costs about half a million dollars. Courtesy of Frank Doris.

 

For the Whacked-Out System you’ll need to budget at least $25,000 and more likely closer to $50,000 and up. It’s not uncommon that all the electronics in these upper-end systems are sourced from one manufacturer, but electronics are only a third of the battle. We still have loudspeakers, cables, AC power systems, and the room itself to conquer. Thus, in most Whacked-Out Systems, perhaps the electronics are of the same breed, but then the loudspeakers, cables, AC power components, room and tuning products are likely from a variety of vendors. In these systems, everything matters. Components are chosen for performance as well as synergy within the chain.

Few manufacturers produce components worthy of a Whacked-Out System, though claims to the contrary often overwhelm one’s search for the perfect component. Aside from a great deal of research via forums, reviews, audio tradeshows, and connections to others with similar goals, a personal guide is really helpful (that’s my goal through this series of books). These guides can also be found at the companies making the components, a trusted dealer, or a fellow traveler along the path to audio nirvana.

(Shameless plug: one of my long-term goals at PS Audio was the building of a complete system with proper synergy between electronics and loudspeakers—the most difficult combo to get to play nice with each other. Now, with the introduction of PS Audio’s Aspen loudspeakers, the circle is complete.)

The bottom line is that truly great sound can be obtained in your home for under $1,000. It’s not all about the money! It’s far more important to understand what you want to achieve, then approach it methodically to make the most efficient use of your money, your time, and the real estate in your home you’re willing to devote to music.

 

Header image: the PS Audio Foundation system ($5,000) including a Strata MK2 integrated amp with DAC and phono stage, Stellar P3 Power Plant, Aspen FR5 speakers with stands, and AudioQuest Rocket speaker cables.

More from Issue 232

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Allnic Audio’s L-9000 Preamplifier: Design and Engineering Innovation
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“Best Of” Lists and Rage Bait: Enough Already
“Best Of” Lists and Rage Bait: Enough Already
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My Impressions of AXPONA 2026, Part 2
My Impressions of AXPONA 2026, Part 2
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View All Articles in Issue 232

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#232 Quad Quads and Plasmatronics Tweeters: An Extraordinary System Comes to Life by Frank Doris Jul 06, 2026 #232 In Praise of Live Music, Once Again by Ted Shafran Jul 06, 2026 #232 Allnic Audio’s L-9000 Preamplifier: Design and Engineering Innovation by Howard Kneller Jul 06, 2026 #232 “Best Of” Lists and Rage Bait: Enough Already by Frank Doris Jul 06, 2026 #232 Quick Takes: Bud Shank, Paulo Almeida, Jakob Dreyer, Tim Eriksen and Peter Irvine by Frank Doris Jul 06, 2026 #232 My Impressions of AXPONA 2026, Part 2 by Frank Doris Jul 06, 2026 #232 How to Play in a Rock Band, 25: Encounters With Famous Musicians, Part Three by Frank Doris Jul 06, 2026 #232 Budgets, and Systems From Small to Outrageous by Paul McGowan Jul 06, 2026 #232 PS Audio in the News by PS Audio Staff Jul 06, 2026 #232 Hand It Over by Frank Doris Jul 06, 2026 #232 Difference of Opinion by Peter Xeni Jul 06, 2026 #231 Piano Prodigy Jude Kofie Releases His Debut Album On Octave Records by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 Underappreciated Artists, Part Two: City Boy by Rich Isaacs Jun 01, 2026 #231 Music and the Art of Creation: Talking With Saxophonist Rob Scheps by Joe Caplan Jun 01, 2026 #231 How to Play in a Rock Band, 24: Further Adventures at the 2026 Montauk Music Festival by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 Courtney Barnett: Creature of Habit by Wayne Robins Jun 01, 2026 #231 Angine de Poitrine: Interstellar Guitar Rock Saviors Headed for Late-Night TV Pop Stardom? by Mark Lepage Jun 01, 2026 #231 My Impressions of AXPONA 2026, Part One by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 2026 La Jolla Concours d'Elegance: Another Aesthetic Feast by B. Jan Montana Jun 01, 2026 #231 Country Music Icon Jo Dee Messina’s Bridges: A New Beginning by Ray Chelstowski Jun 01, 2026 #231 The Luxury Dispatch Hosts a Video Podcast With Ken Kessler by Ken Kessler Jun 01, 2026 #231 The Vinyl Beat: Tracking in the Motor City by Rudy Radelic Jun 01, 2026 #231 Lots of Fun With DSP: The Ferrum Audio WANDLA DAC and Its Tube Mode by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 From The Audiophile's Guide: Digital Source Components and Streaming Audio by Paul McGowan Jun 01, 2026 #231 Onkyo’s Monster M-510 power amplifier by The Staff at Just Audio Jun 01, 2026 #231 PS Audio in the News by PS Audio Staff Jun 01, 2026 #231 Naming Convention by Peter Xeni Jun 01, 2026 #231 Les Invisibles by Frank Doris Jun 01, 2026 #231 Wildlife Scene by James Schrimpf Jun 01, 2026 #230 Camaraderie by B. Jan Montana May 04, 2026 #230 AXPONA 2026: A Family Gathering by Paul McGowan May 04, 2026 #230 Pianist Ryan Benthall Explores Jazz Realms and Far Beyond With Divine Sky by Frank Doris May 04, 2026 #230 The Vinyl Beat in AXPONA-Land by Rudy Radelic May 04, 2026 #230 Teddy Thompson’s Musical Growth Deepens With Never Be the Same by Ray Chelstowski May 04, 2026 #230 More Fun in the Sun: Florida Audio Expo, Part Two by Frank Doris May 04, 2026 #230 CanJam NYC 2026 Show Report: Heady Sound, Part Two by Frank Doris and Harris Fogel May 04, 2026 #230 Sonic Youth On Murray Street by Wayne Robins May 04, 2026 #230 Graffeo Coffee: A Symphony of Sensory Experience by Joe Caplan May 04, 2026 #230 The Saul Authority: The Story of Hi-Fi Pioneer Saul Marantz by Olivier Meunier-Plante May 04, 2026 #230 How to Play in a Rock Band, 23: Encounters With Famous Musicians, Part Two by Frank Doris May 04, 2026 #230 An Outlier in the Rack: A Vintage BIC Beam Box by The Staff at Just Audio May 04, 2026 #230 PS Audio in the News by PS Audio Staff May 04, 2026 #230 A Cautionary Tale by Rich Isaacs May 04, 2026 #230 Reel-to-Reel Roots, Part 33 (Revised): Ken Kessler Reports On the 2026 (British) AudioJumble by Ken Kessler May 04, 2026 #230 Text Messaging by Frank Doris May 04, 2026 #230 The Audiophile Rat Race by Peter Xeni May 04, 2026 #230 On the Rocks by Rich Isaacs May 04, 2026

Budgets, and Systems From Small to Outrageous

Budgets, and Systems From Small to Outrageous

The cost of building a high-performance, audiophile-grade two-channel stereo system can span quite a range, from next to nothing to more than the cost of some homes. I’ll let you in on a secret, though: there’s often little correlation between stereo cost and performance.

In the half-century I’ve devoted to the high-end audio industry, I’ve heard every manner of system. Some of the very worst have been the most expensive, and some of the best were quite affordable. Like anything else in our lives, simply throwing money at a problem or a project doesn’t guarantee success. In fact, unless you’re equipped with some basic knowledge, your investment may backfire. Without adequate information, preferably coupled with a knowledgeable, trusted guide to steer you in the right direction, plowing your hard-earned money into a two-channel audio system can be a real crapshoot.When someone asks me what equipment to buy, I start with a series of three questions:

What are your goals?
What are your limitations?
What is your budget?

Let’s follow that same process here.

What Are Your Goals and Limitations?

This simple question is often the hardest for people to answer, or at least to put into words. Typical answers range from a simple “just give me good sound” to “I want the biggest, baddest, most bone-rattlingly killer sound system on the planet.” These answers are adequate to get us started, but the real answers I’m looking for would go something closer to this:

“I’m hoping to set up a modest system in my living room that the family can easily use for everyday listening; and on occasion, I want to crank it up and have it sound like there’s a rock band playing in my living room.”

Or, “I’m looking for a small, unobtrusive set of speakers to go on either side of my television – something that can render classical and jazz in lifelike proportions and that I can easily switch to play the television audio.”

Or, “I want a no-holds-barred high-end system that just blows me and my friends away.”

Answers like these give me a better idea of where to point you in terms of equipment choices and budget.To help you understand how this can be applied in the real world, let me tell you about my own home setup. While at work, I get to enjoy one of the greatest high-performance two-channel reference systems in the world; PS Audio’s Music Room with its amazing Aspen loudspeakers and full-on PS Audio electronics set, but at home it’s a different story. My wife, Terri, wanted to build our home system herself. Since she too loves music and high-performance audio, I took her through my three questions to help identify her priorities. Her answers looked something like this:

 Goals:

A turntable-based system with the ability to stream radio, Pandora, Tidal, and Qobuz
Full-range but it’ll never be played at live concert levels
The speakers need to sonically disappear

Limitations:

Must be small in footprint and not intrusive on the décor
Must be simple to operate so even our grandkids can use it
Budget: $4,000 maximum

With these answers in mind, it was easy for Terri to start her search and come up with her dream system. Here’s what she ended up with:

Turntable: Rega P3 with MM cartridge ($1,100)
Amplifier: PS Audio Sprout100 (discontinued)
Speakers: KEF LS50 ($1,200) (later upgraded to PS Audio Aspen FR5s [$4,400 for the pair])
Subwoofer: REL T5i ($600)
Cables ($200)
System total: ~$3,800

This system images beautifully, sounds great, and achieves Terri’s goals. Had she been a little less particular about primarily playing vinyl records, she could have gotten the same quality at an even lower cost.So, step one is to think about what you hope to achieve with your system. In other words, write down your goals. Step two factors in your limitations, such as where the system will be placed and how much real estate and visual prominence you and your significant other are willing to cede to the system. Once you’ve identified the answers to these two important questions, we can move on to the third question of budget. How much are you willing to invest in great sound?

What Is Your Budget?

Now that you’ve identified your goals and limitations, let’s talk budget. I’ve broken down system types into three general categories: the Casual System, the Serious System, and the Whacked-Out System. For a point of reference, my home system I just described might fall into the upper end of the Casual System category, while the PS Audio Reference System would most certainly land in the Whacked-Out category.

Casual Systems

The vast majority of serious two-channel audio systems would fall into this first category. We want great sound and we’re willing to spend a few bucks and invest a few hours of setup to get there. For a Casual System, you should plan to budget between $1,000 and $6,000 for everything you need. Next, select the various pieces of equipment from trusted manufacturers of two- channel separates. You’ll be able to identify these manufacturers because:

You’ve done a little homework, by reading this book, to find out whether or not they’re invested in bringing life to music
Their products are purpose-built, to provide a specific outcome for a limited set of variables
They’re respected by the greater high-end audio community
Their stated goals are to honor musical truth

Serious Systems

Serious Systems are more committed to a single person listening with intent. Their primary purpose is to help the listener forge a more intimate connection with the music than is possible with the Casual System, recreating  a more believable live performance in the home. That means they require more money to build, more space in the room to place, and more time and care to set up. For the Serious System you’ll need to budget between $3,000 and $30,000 for everything you need. Now, for those unfamiliar with high-end audio, 30,000 smackaroos might at first seem like either a misprint or insanity; but I assure you, among audiophiles it’s a perfectly normal investment. The average Serious System falls somewhere in the middle of this price range, hovering between $8,000 and $15,000, though I’ve heard some great Serious Systems that people cobbled together for around $8,000.

Then select the various pieces of equipment from trusted manufacturers of two-channel separates, using the criteria mentioned before.

 

PS Audio's Summit system costs $15,000 and includes the StellarGold DAC/preamp, two M1200 monoblock amplifiers, a Stellar P3 PowerPlant, a pair of Aspen FR10 speakers, and AudioQuest cables and interconnects.


Whacked-Out Systems

As the name of this level implies, the sky’s the limit. I’ve seen some seriously unbelievable setups exceeding a million dollars, but for the most part you can put together a beautiful and impressive Whacked-Out System for as low as $15,000. More likely, though, the sweet spot’s going to start at $25,000 or so. The keys for a Whacked-Out System to be worth its cost in both time and effort include skill, knowledge, and tireless effort, in addition to going for the cost-is-no-object components that synergistically mesh into audio nirvana. This level of system needs a personal guide and is certainly not for the faint at heart. Once built and experienced, though, there’s few pleasures on Earth that compare.

 

This Clarisys Audio speaker system and associated electronics shown at Florida Audio Expo 2026 costs about half a million dollars. Courtesy of Frank Doris.

 

For the Whacked-Out System you’ll need to budget at least $25,000 and more likely closer to $50,000 and up. It’s not uncommon that all the electronics in these upper-end systems are sourced from one manufacturer, but electronics are only a third of the battle. We still have loudspeakers, cables, AC power systems, and the room itself to conquer. Thus, in most Whacked-Out Systems, perhaps the electronics are of the same breed, but then the loudspeakers, cables, AC power components, room and tuning products are likely from a variety of vendors. In these systems, everything matters. Components are chosen for performance as well as synergy within the chain.

Few manufacturers produce components worthy of a Whacked-Out System, though claims to the contrary often overwhelm one’s search for the perfect component. Aside from a great deal of research via forums, reviews, audio tradeshows, and connections to others with similar goals, a personal guide is really helpful (that’s my goal through this series of books). These guides can also be found at the companies making the components, a trusted dealer, or a fellow traveler along the path to audio nirvana.

(Shameless plug: one of my long-term goals at PS Audio was the building of a complete system with proper synergy between electronics and loudspeakers—the most difficult combo to get to play nice with each other. Now, with the introduction of PS Audio’s Aspen loudspeakers, the circle is complete.)

The bottom line is that truly great sound can be obtained in your home for under $1,000. It’s not all about the money! It’s far more important to understand what you want to achieve, then approach it methodically to make the most efficient use of your money, your time, and the real estate in your home you’re willing to devote to music.

 

Header image: the PS Audio Foundation system ($5,000) including a Strata MK2 integrated amp with DAC and phono stage, Stellar P3 Power Plant, Aspen FR5 speakers with stands, and AudioQuest Rocket speaker cables.

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